<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;">
  <tr style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;">
    <td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;">
      <a href="http://www.openairinterface.org/">
         <img src="./images/oai_final_logo.png" alt="" border=3 height=50 width=150>
         </img>
      </a>
    </td>
    <td style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; vertical-align: center;">
      <b><font size = "5">OAI 5G SA tutorial</font></b>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

**Table of Contents**

[[_TOC_]]

#  1. Scenario
In this tutorial we describe how to configure and run a 5G end-to-end setup with OAI CN5G, OAI gNB, OAI UE and COTS UE.

Minimum hardware requirements:
- Laptop/Desktop/Server for OAI CN5G and OAI gNB
    - Operating System: [Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS](https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04.1/ubuntu-22.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso)
    - CPU: 8 cores x86_64 @ 3.5 GHz
    - RAM: 32 GB
- Laptop for UE
    - Operating System: Microsoft Windows 10 x64
    - CPU: 4 cores x86_64
    - RAM: 8 GB
    - Windows driver for Quectel MUST be equal or higher than version **2.2.4**
- [USRP B210](https://www.ettus.com/all-products/ub210-kit/), [USRP N300](https://www.ettus.com/all-products/USRP-N300/) or [USRP X300](https://www.ettus.com/all-products/x300-kit/)
    - Please identify the network interface(s) on which the USRP is connected and update the gNB configuration file
- Quectel RM500Q
    - Module, M.2 to USB adapter, antennas and SIM card
    - Firmware version of Quectel MUST be equal or higher than **RM500QGLABR11A06M4G**


# 2. OAI CN5G

## 2.1 OAI CN5G pre-requisites

```bash
sudo apt install -y git net-tools putty

sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  $(lsb_release -cs)  stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker docker-ce

# Add your username to the docker group, otherwise you will have to run in sudo mode.
sudo usermod -a -G docker $(whoami)
reboot

# https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.12.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
```

## 2.2 OAI CN5G Setup

```bash
# Git oai-cn5g-fed repository
git clone https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/cn5g/oai-cn5g-fed.git ~/oai-cn5g-fed

# Pull docker images
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-amf:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-nrf:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-smf:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-udr:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-udm:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-ausf:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/oai-spgwu-tiny:develop
docker pull oaisoftwarealliance/trf-gen-cn5g:latest

# Tag docker images
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-amf:develop oai-amf:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-nrf:develop oai-nrf:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-smf:develop oai-smf:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-udr:develop oai-udr:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-udm:develop oai-udm:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-ausf:develop oai-ausf:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/oai-spgwu-tiny:develop oai-spgwu-tiny:develop
docker image tag oaisoftwarealliance/trf-gen-cn5g:latest trf-gen-cn5g:latest
```

## 2.3 OAI CN5G Configuration files
Download and copy configuration files:
- Copy [docker-compose-basic-nrf.yaml](tutorial_resources/docker-compose-basic-nrf.yaml) to `~/oai-cn5g-fed/docker-compose`
```bash
wget -O ~/oai-cn5g-fed/docker-compose/docker-compose-basic-nrf.yaml https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/raw/develop/doc/tutorial_resources/docker-compose-basic-nrf.yaml?inline=false
```
- Copy [oai_db.sql](tutorial_resources/oai_db.sql) to `~/oai-cn5g-fed/docker-compose/database`
```bash
wget -O ~/oai-cn5g-fed/docker-compose/database/oai_db.sql https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/raw/develop/doc/tutorial_resources/oai_db.sql?inline=false
```

## 2.4  SIM Card
Program SIM Card with [Open Cells Project](https://open-cells.com/) application [uicc-v2.6](https://open-cells.com/d5138782a8739209ec5760865b1e53b0/uicc-v2.6.tgz).

```bash
sudo ./program_uicc --adm 12345678 --imsi 001010000000001 --isdn 00000001 --acc 0001 --key fec86ba6eb707ed08905757b1bb44b8f --opc C42449363BBAD02B66D16BC975D77CC1 -spn "OpenAirInterface" --authenticate
```


# 3. OAI gNB

## 3.1 OAI gNB pre-requisites

### Build UHD from source
```bash
sudo apt install -y libboost-all-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev doxygen python3-docutils python3-mako python3-numpy python3-requests python3-ruamel.yaml python3-setuptools cmake build-essential

git clone https://github.com/EttusResearch/uhd.git ~/uhd
cd ~/uhd
git checkout v4.3.0.0
cd host
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../
make -j $(nproc)
make test # This step is optional
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
sudo uhd_images_downloader
```

## 3.2 Build OAI gNB

```bash
# Get openairinterface5g source code
git clone https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g.git ~/openairinterface5g
cd ~/openairinterface5g
git checkout develop

# Install OAI dependencies
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets
./build_oai -I

# Build OAI gNB
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets
./build_oai -w USRP --ninja --nrUE --gNB --build-lib all -c
```

# 4. Run OAI CN5G and OAI gNB

## 4.1 Run OAI CN5G

```bash
cd ~/oai-cn5g-fed/docker-compose
python3 core-network.py --type start-basic --scenario 1
```

## 4.2 Run OAI gNB

### USRP B210
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-NR-5GC/CONF/gnb.sa.band78.fr1.106PRB.usrpb210.conf --sa -E --continuous-tx
```
### USRP N300
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-NR-5GC/CONF/gnb.sa.band77.fr1.273PRB.2x2.usrpn300.conf --sa --usrp-tx-thread-config 1
```

### USRP X300
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-NR-5GC/CONF/gnb.sa.band77.fr1.273PRB.2x2.usrpn300.conf --sa --usrp-tx-thread-config 1 -E --continuous-tx
```

### RFsimulator
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-NR-5GC/CONF/gnb.sa.band78.fr1.106PRB.usrpb210.conf --gNBs.[0].min_rxtxtime 6 --rfsim --sa
```

# 5. Run UE
## 5.1 Testing with Quectel RM500Q

### 5.1.1 Setup Quectel
With [PuTTY](https://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/w64/putty.exe), send the following AT commands to the module using a serial interface (ex: COM2) at 115200 bps:
```bash
# MUST be sent at least once everytime there is a firmware upgrade!
AT+QMBNCFG="Select","ROW_Commercial"
AT+QMBNCFG="AutoSel",0
AT+CFUN=1,1
AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","oai"
AT+CGDCONT=2
AT+CGDCONT=3

# (Optional, debug only, AT commands) Activate PDP context, retrieve IP address and test with ping
AT+CGACT=1,1
AT+CGPADDR=1
AT+QPING=1,"openairinterface.org"
```

### 5.1.2 Ping test
- UE host
```bash
ping 192.168.70.135 -t -S 12.1.1.2
```
- CN5G host
```bash
docker exec -it oai-ext-dn ping 12.1.1.2
```

### 5.1.3 Downlink iPerf test
- UE host
    - Download iPerf for Microsoft Windows from [here](https://iperf.fr/download/windows/iperf-2.0.9-win64.zip).
    - Extract to Desktop and run with Command Prompt:
```bash
cd C:\Users\User\Desktop\iPerf\iperf-2.0.9-win64\iperf-2.0.9-win64
iperf -s -u -i 1 -B 12.1.1.2
```

- CN5G host
```bash
docker exec -it oai-ext-dn iperf -u -t 86400 -i 1 -fk -B 192.168.70.135 -b 100M -c 12.1.1.2
```

## 5.2 Testing with OAI UE
### 5.2.1 Testing with OAI UE with USRP B210
Important notes:
- This should be run in a second Ubuntu 20.04 host, other than gNB
- It only applies when running OAI gNB with USRP B210

Run OAI UE
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo ./nr-uesoftmodem -r 106 --numerology 1 --band 78 -C 3619200000 --nokrnmod --ue-fo-compensation --sa -E --uicc0.imsi 001010000000001 --uicc0.nssai_sd 1
```

### 5.2.2 Testing with OAI UE with RFsimulator
Important notes:
- This should be run on the same host as the OAI gNB
- It only applies when running OAI gNB with RFsimulator

Run OAI UE with RFsimulator
```bash
cd ~/openairinterface5g
source oaienv
cd cmake_targets/ran_build/build
sudo RFSIMULATOR=127.0.0.1 ./nr-uesoftmodem -r 106 --numerology 1 --band 78 -C 3619200000 --nokrnmod --rfsim --sa --uicc0.imsi 001010000000001 --uicc0.nssai_sd 1
```

### 5.2.3 Ping test
- UE host
```bash
ping 192.168.70.135 -I oaitun_ue1
```

# 6. Advanced configurations (optional)

## 6.1 USRP N300 and X300 Ethernet Tuning

Please also refer to the official [USRP Host Performance Tuning Tips and Tricks](https://kb.ettus.com/USRP_Host_Performance_Tuning_Tips_and_Tricks) tuning guide.

The following steps are recommended. Please change the network interface(s) as required. Also, you should have 10Gbps interface(s): if you use two cables, you should have the XG interface. Refer to the [N300 Getting Started Guide](https://kb.ettus.com/USRP_N300/N310/N320/N321_Getting_Started_Guide) for more information.

* Use an MTU of 9000: how to change this depends on the network management tool. In the case of Network Manager, this can be done from the GUI.
* Increase the kernel socket buffer (also done by the USRP driver in OAI)
* Increase Ethernet Ring Buffers: `sudo ethtool -G <ifname> rx 4096 tx 4096`
* Disable hyper-threading in the BIOS (This step is optional)
* Optional: Disable KPTI Protections for Spectre/Meltdown for more performance. **This is a security risk.** Add `mitigations=off nosmt` in your grub config and update grub. (This step is optional)

Example code to run:
```
for ((i=0;i<$(nproc);i++)); do sudo cpufreq-set -c $i -r -g performance; done
sudo sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=62500000
sudo sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=62500000
sudo sysctl -w net.core.wmem_default=62500000
sudo sysctl -w net.core.rmem_default=62500000
sudo ethtool -G enp1s0f0 tx 4096 rx 4096
```

## 6.2 Real-time performance workarounds
- If you get real-time problems on heavy UL traffic, reduce the maximum UL MCS using an additional command-line switch: `--MACRLCs.[0].ul_max_mcs 14`.

## 6.3 Uplink issues related with noise on the DC carriers
- There is noise on the DC carriers on N300 and especially the X300 in UL. To avoid their use or shift them away from the center to use more UL spectrum, use the `--tune-offset <Hz>` command line switch, where `<Hz>` is ideally half the bandwidth, or possibly less.
