/*
 * Copyright 2016 Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#pragma once

#include <limits.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <functional>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <glog/logging.h>

#include <folly/Exception.h>
#include <folly/Foreach.h>
#include <folly/Function.h>
#include <folly/Malloc.h>
#include <folly/MicroSpinLock.h>
#include <folly/Portability.h>
#include <folly/ScopeGuard.h>

#include <folly/detail/StaticSingletonManager.h>

// In general, emutls cleanup is not guaranteed to play nice with the way
// StaticMeta mixes direct pthread calls and the use of __thread. This has
// caused problems on multiple platforms so don't use __thread there.
//
// XXX: Ideally we would instead determine if emutls is in use at runtime as it
// is possible to configure glibc on Linux to use emutls regardless.
#if !FOLLY_MOBILE && !defined(__APPLE__)
#define FOLLY_TLD_USE_FOLLY_TLS 1
#else
#undef FOLLY_TLD_USE_FOLLY_TLS
#endif

namespace folly {
namespace threadlocal_detail {

/**
 * POD wrapper around an element (a void*) and an associated deleter.
 * This must be POD, as we memset() it to 0 and memcpy() it around.
 */
struct ElementWrapper {
  using DeleterFunType = void(void*, TLPDestructionMode);

  bool dispose(TLPDestructionMode mode) {
    if (ptr == nullptr) {
      return false;
    }

    DCHECK(deleter1 != nullptr);
    ownsDeleter ? (*deleter2)(ptr, mode) : (*deleter1)(ptr, mode);
    cleanup();
    return true;
  }

  void* release() {
    auto retPtr = ptr;

    if (ptr != nullptr) {
      cleanup();
    }

    return retPtr;
  }

  template <class Ptr>
  void set(Ptr p) {
    auto guard = makeGuard([&] { delete p; });
    DCHECK(ptr == nullptr);
    DCHECK(deleter1 == nullptr);

    if (p) {
      ptr = p;
      deleter1 = [](void* pt, TLPDestructionMode) {
        delete static_cast<Ptr>(pt);
      };
      ownsDeleter = false;
      guard.dismiss();
    }
  }

  template <class Ptr, class Deleter>
  void set(Ptr p, const Deleter& d) {
    auto guard = makeGuard([&] {
      if (p) {
        d(p, TLPDestructionMode::THIS_THREAD);
      }
    });
    DCHECK(ptr == nullptr);
    DCHECK(deleter2 == nullptr);
    if (p) {
      ptr = p;
      deleter2 = new std::function<DeleterFunType>([d = d](
          void* pt, TLPDestructionMode mode) {
        d(static_cast<Ptr>(pt), mode);
      });
      ownsDeleter = true;
      guard.dismiss();
    }
  }

  void cleanup() {
    if (ownsDeleter) {
      delete deleter2;
    }
    ptr = nullptr;
    deleter1 = nullptr;
    ownsDeleter = false;
  }

  void* ptr;
  union {
    DeleterFunType* deleter1;
    std::function<DeleterFunType>* deleter2;
  };
  bool ownsDeleter;
};

struct StaticMetaBase;

/**
 * Per-thread entry.  Each thread using a StaticMeta object has one.
 * This is written from the owning thread only (under the lock), read
 * from the owning thread (no lock necessary), and read from other threads
 * (under the lock).
 */
struct ThreadEntry {
  ElementWrapper* elements{nullptr};
  size_t elementsCapacity{0};
  ThreadEntry* next{nullptr};
  ThreadEntry* prev{nullptr};
  StaticMetaBase* meta{nullptr};
};

constexpr uint32_t kEntryIDInvalid = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();

class PthreadKeyUnregisterTester;

/**
 * We want to disable onThreadExit call at the end of shutdown, we don't care
 * about leaking memory at that point.
 *
 * Otherwise if ThreadLocal is used in a shared library, onThreadExit may be
 * called after dlclose().
 *
 * This class has one single static instance; however since it's so widely used,
 * directly or indirectly, by so many classes, we need to take care to avoid
 * problems stemming from the Static Initialization/Destruction Order Fiascos.
 * Therefore this class needs to be constexpr-constructible, so as to avoid
 * the need for this to participate in init/destruction order.
 */
class PthreadKeyUnregister {
 public:
  static constexpr size_t kMaxKeys = 1UL << 16;

  ~PthreadKeyUnregister() {
    MSLGuard lg(lock_);
    while (size_) {
      pthread_key_delete(keys_[--size_]);
    }
  }

  static void registerKey(pthread_key_t key) {
    instance_.registerKeyImpl(key);
  }

 private:
  /**
   * Only one global instance should exist, hence this is private.
   * See also the important note at the top of this class about `constexpr`
   * usage.
   */
  constexpr PthreadKeyUnregister() : lock_(), size_(0), keys_() { }
  friend class folly::threadlocal_detail::PthreadKeyUnregisterTester;

  void registerKeyImpl(pthread_key_t key) {
    MSLGuard lg(lock_);
    if (size_ == kMaxKeys) {
      throw std::logic_error("pthread_key limit has already been reached");
    }
    keys_[size_++] = key;
  }

  MicroSpinLock lock_;
  size_t size_;
  pthread_key_t keys_[kMaxKeys];

  static PthreadKeyUnregister instance_;
};

struct StaticMetaBase {
  // Represents an ID of a thread local object. Initially set to the maximum
  // uint. This representation allows us to avoid a branch in accessing TLS data
  // (because if you test capacity > id if id = maxint then the test will always
  // fail). It allows us to keep a constexpr constructor and avoid SIOF.
  class EntryID {
   public:
    std::atomic<uint32_t> value;

    constexpr EntryID() : value(kEntryIDInvalid) {
    }

    EntryID(EntryID&& other) noexcept : value(other.value.load()) {
      other.value = kEntryIDInvalid;
    }

    EntryID& operator=(EntryID&& other) {
      assert(this != &other);
      value = other.value.load();
      other.value = kEntryIDInvalid;
      return *this;
    }

    EntryID(const EntryID& other) = delete;
    EntryID& operator=(const EntryID& other) = delete;

    uint32_t getOrInvalid() {
      // It's OK for this to be relaxed, even though we're effectively doing
      // double checked locking in using this value. We only care about the
      // uniqueness of IDs, getOrAllocate does not modify any other memory
      // this thread will use.
      return value.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    uint32_t getOrAllocate(StaticMetaBase& meta) {
      uint32_t id = getOrInvalid();
      if (id != kEntryIDInvalid) {
        return id;
      }
      // The lock inside allocate ensures that a single value is allocated
      return meta.allocate(this);
    }
  };

  explicit StaticMetaBase(ThreadEntry* (*threadEntry)());

  ~StaticMetaBase() {
    LOG(FATAL) << "StaticMeta lives forever!";
  }

  void push_back(ThreadEntry* t) {
    t->next = &head_;
    t->prev = head_.prev;
    head_.prev->next = t;
    head_.prev = t;
  }

  void erase(ThreadEntry* t) {
    t->next->prev = t->prev;
    t->prev->next = t->next;
    t->next = t->prev = t;
  }

  static void onThreadExit(void* ptr);

  uint32_t allocate(EntryID* ent);

  void destroy(EntryID* ent);

  /**
   * Reserve enough space in the ThreadEntry::elements for the item
   * @id to fit in.
   */
  void reserve(EntryID* id);

  ElementWrapper& get(EntryID* ent);

  static void initAtFork();
  static void registerAtFork(
      folly::Function<void()> prepare,
      folly::Function<void()> parent,
      folly::Function<void()> child);

  uint32_t nextId_;
  std::vector<uint32_t> freeIds_;
  std::mutex lock_;
  pthread_key_t pthreadKey_;
  ThreadEntry head_;
  ThreadEntry* (*threadEntry_)();
};

// Held in a singleton to track our global instances.
// We have one of these per "Tag", by default one for the whole system
// (Tag=void).
//
// Creating and destroying ThreadLocalPtr objects, as well as thread exit
// for threads that use ThreadLocalPtr objects collide on a lock inside
// StaticMeta; you can specify multiple Tag types to break that lock.
template <class Tag>
struct StaticMeta : StaticMetaBase {
  StaticMeta() : StaticMetaBase(&StaticMeta::getThreadEntrySlow) {
    registerAtFork(
        /*prepare*/ &StaticMeta::preFork,
        /*parent*/ &StaticMeta::onForkParent,
        /*child*/ &StaticMeta::onForkChild);
  }

  static StaticMeta<Tag>& instance() {
    // Leak it on exit, there's only one per process and we don't have to
    // worry about synchronization with exiting threads.
    static auto instance = detail::createGlobal<StaticMeta<Tag>, void>();
    return *instance;
  }

  ElementWrapper& get(EntryID* ent) {
    ThreadEntry* threadEntry = getThreadEntry();
    uint32_t id = ent->getOrInvalid();
    // if id is invalid, it is equal to uint32_t's max value.
    // x <= max value is always true
    if (UNLIKELY(threadEntry->elementsCapacity <= id)) {
      reserve(ent);
      id = ent->getOrInvalid();
      assert(threadEntry->elementsCapacity > id);
    }
    return threadEntry->elements[id];
  }

  static ThreadEntry* getThreadEntrySlow() {
    auto& meta = instance();
    auto key = meta.pthreadKey_;
    ThreadEntry* threadEntry =
      static_cast<ThreadEntry*>(pthread_getspecific(key));
    if (!threadEntry) {
#ifdef FOLLY_TLD_USE_FOLLY_TLS
      static FOLLY_TLS ThreadEntry threadEntrySingleton;
      threadEntry = &threadEntrySingleton;
#else
      threadEntry = new ThreadEntry();
#endif
      threadEntry->meta = &meta;
      int ret = pthread_setspecific(key, threadEntry);
      checkPosixError(ret, "pthread_setspecific failed");
    }
    return threadEntry;
  }

  inline static ThreadEntry* getThreadEntry() {
#ifdef FOLLY_TLD_USE_FOLLY_TLS
    static FOLLY_TLS ThreadEntry* threadEntryCache{nullptr};
    if (UNLIKELY(threadEntryCache == nullptr)) {
      threadEntryCache = instance().threadEntry_();
    }
    return threadEntryCache;
#else
    return instance().threadEntry_();
#endif
  }

  static void preFork(void) {
    instance().lock_.lock();  // Make sure it's created
  }

  static void onForkParent(void) { instance().lock_.unlock(); }

  static void onForkChild(void) {
    // only the current thread survives
    instance().head_.next = instance().head_.prev = &instance().head_;
    ThreadEntry* threadEntry = getThreadEntry();
    // If this thread was in the list before the fork, add it back.
    if (threadEntry->elementsCapacity != 0) {
      instance().push_back(threadEntry);
    }
    instance().lock_.unlock();
  }
};

}  // namespace threadlocal_detail
}  // namespace folly
