/*
 * Copyright 2018-present Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#pragma once

#include <folly/CppAttributes.h>
#include <folly/Function.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>
#include <type_traits>

namespace folly {

class CancellationCallback;
class CancellationSource;

namespace detail {
class CancellationState;
struct CancellationStateTokenDeleter {
  void operator()(CancellationState*) noexcept;
};
struct CancellationStateSourceDeleter {
  void operator()(CancellationState*) noexcept;
};
using CancellationStateTokenPtr =
    std::unique_ptr<CancellationState, CancellationStateTokenDeleter>;
using CancellationStateSourcePtr =
    std::unique_ptr<CancellationState, CancellationStateSourceDeleter>;
} // namespace detail

// A CancellationToken is an object that can be passed into an function or
// operation that allows the caller to later request that the operation be
// cancelled.
//
// A CancellationToken object can be obtained by calling the .getToken()
// method on a CancellationSource or by copying another CancellationToken
// object. All CancellationToken objects obtained from the same original
// CancellationSource object all reference the same underlying cancellation
// state and will all be cancelled together.
//
// If your function needs to be cancellable but does not need to request
// cancellation then you should take a CancellationToken as a parameter.
// If your function needs to be able to request cancellation then you
// should instead take a CancellationSource as a parameter.
class CancellationToken {
 public:
  // Constructs to a token that can never be cancelled.
  //
  // Pass a default-constructed CancellationToken into an operation that
  // you never intend to cancel. These objects are very cheap to create.
  CancellationToken() noexcept = default;

  // Construct a copy of the token that shares the same underlying state.
  CancellationToken(const CancellationToken& other) noexcept;
  CancellationToken(CancellationToken&& other) noexcept;

  CancellationToken& operator=(const CancellationToken& other) noexcept;
  CancellationToken& operator=(CancellationToken&& other) noexcept;

  // Query whether someone has called .requestCancellation() on an instance
  // of CancellationSource object associated with this CancellationToken.
  bool isCancellationRequested() const noexcept;

  // Query whether this CancellationToken can ever have cancellation requested
  // on it.
  //
  // This will return false if the CancellationToken is not associated with a
  // CancellationSource object. eg. because the CancellationToken was
  // default-constructed, has been moved-from or because the last
  // CancellationSource object associated with the underlying cancellation state
  // has been destroyed and the operation has not yet been cancelled and so
  // never will be.
  //
  // Implementations of operations may be able to take more efficient code-paths
  // if they know they can never be cancelled.
  bool canBeCancelled() const noexcept;

  void swap(CancellationToken& other) noexcept;

  friend bool operator==(
      const CancellationToken& a,
      const CancellationToken& b) noexcept;

 private:
  friend class CancellationCallback;
  friend class CancellationSource;

  explicit CancellationToken(detail::CancellationStateTokenPtr state) noexcept;

  detail::CancellationStateTokenPtr state_;
};

bool operator==(
    const CancellationToken& a,
    const CancellationToken& b) noexcept;
bool operator!=(
    const CancellationToken& a,
    const CancellationToken& b) noexcept;

// A CancellationSource object provides the ability to request cancellation of
// operations that an associated CancellationToken was passed to.
//
// Example usage:
//   CancellationSource cs;
//   Future<void> f = startSomeOperation(cs.getToken());
//
//   // Later...
//   cs.requestCancellation();
class CancellationSource {
 public:
  // Construct to a new, independent cancellation source.
  CancellationSource();

  // Construct a new reference to the same underlying cancellation state.
  //
  // Either the original or the new copy can be used to request cancellation
  // of associated work.
  CancellationSource(const CancellationSource& other) noexcept;

  // This leaves 'other' in an empty state where 'requestCancellation()' is a
  // no-op and 'canBeCancelled()' returns false.
  CancellationSource(CancellationSource&& other) noexcept;

  CancellationSource& operator=(const CancellationSource& other) noexcept;
  CancellationSource& operator=(CancellationSource&& other) noexcept;

  // Construct a CancellationSource that cannot be cancelled.
  //
  // This factory function can be used to obtain a CancellationSource that
  // is equivalent to a moved-from CancellationSource object without needing
  // to allocate any shared-state.
  static CancellationSource invalid() noexcept;

  // Query if cancellation has already been requested on this CancellationSource
  // or any other CancellationSource object copied from the same original
  // CancellationSource object.
  bool isCancellationRequested() const noexcept;

  // Query if cancellation can be requested through this CancellationSource
  // object. This will only return false if the CancellationSource object has
  // been moved-from.
  bool canBeCancelled() const noexcept;

  // Obtain a CancellationToken linked to this CancellationSource.
  //
  // This token can be passed into cancellable operations to allow the caller
  // to later request cancellation of that operation.
  CancellationToken getToken() const noexcept;

  // Request cancellation of work associated with this CancellationSource.
  //
  // This will ensure subsequent calls to isCancellationRequested() on any
  // CancellationSource or CancellationToken object associated with the same
  // underlying cancellation state to return true.
  //
  // If this is the first call to requestCancellation() on any
  // CancellationSource object with the same underlying state then this call
  // will also execute the callbacks associated with any CancellationCallback
  // objects that were constructed with an associated CancellationToken.
  //
  // Note that it is possible that another thread may be concurrently
  // registering a callback with CancellationCallback. This method guarantees
  // that either this thread will see the callback registration and will
  // ensure that the callback is called, or the CancellationCallback constructor
  // will see the cancellation-requested signal and will execute the callback
  // inline inside the constructor.
  //
  // Returns the previous state of 'isCancellationRequested()'. i.e.
  // - 'true' if cancellation had previously been requested.
  // - 'false' if this was the first call to request cancellation.
  bool requestCancellation() const noexcept;

  void swap(CancellationSource& other) noexcept;

  friend bool operator==(
      const CancellationSource& a,
      const CancellationSource& b) noexcept;

 private:
  explicit CancellationSource(
      detail::CancellationStateSourcePtr&& state) noexcept;

  detail::CancellationStateSourcePtr state_;
};

bool operator==(
    const CancellationSource& a,
    const CancellationSource& b) noexcept;
bool operator!=(
    const CancellationSource& a,
    const CancellationSource& b) noexcept;

class CancellationCallback {
  using VoidFunction = folly::Function<void()>;

 public:
  // Constructing a CancellationCallback object registers the callback
  // with the specified CancellationToken such that the callback will be
  // executed if the corresponding CancellationSource object has the
  // requestCancellation() method called on it.
  //
  // If the CancellationToken object already had cancellation requested
  // then the callback will be executed inline on the current thread before
  // the constructor returns. Otherwise, the callback will be executed on
  // in the execution context of the first thread to call requestCancellation()
  // on a corresponding CancellationSource.
  //
  // The callback object must not throw any unhandled exceptions. Doing so
  // will result in the program terminating via std::terminate().
  template <
      typename Callable,
      std::enable_if_t<
          std::is_constructible<VoidFunction, Callable>::value,
          int> = 0>
  CancellationCallback(CancellationToken&& ct, Callable&& callable);
  template <
      typename Callable,
      std::enable_if_t<
          std::is_constructible<VoidFunction, Callable>::value,
          int> = 0>
  CancellationCallback(const CancellationToken& ct, Callable&& callable);

  // Deregisters the callback from the CancellationToken.
  //
  // If cancellation has been requested concurrently on another thread and the
  // callback is currently executing then the destructor will block until after
  // the callback has returned (otherwise it might be left with a dangling
  // reference).
  //
  // You should generally try to implement your callback functions to be lock
  // free to avoid deadlocks between the callback executing and the
  // CancellationCallback destructor trying to deregister the callback.
  //
  // If the callback has not started executing yet then the callback will be
  // deregistered from the CancellationToken before the destructor completes.
  //
  // Once the destructor returns you can be guaranteed that the callback will
  // not be called by a subsequent call to 'requestCancellation()' on a
  // CancellationSource associated with the CancellationToken passed to the
  // constructor.
  ~CancellationCallback();

  // Not copyable/movable
  CancellationCallback(const CancellationCallback&) = delete;
  CancellationCallback(CancellationCallback&&) = delete;
  CancellationCallback& operator=(const CancellationCallback&) = delete;
  CancellationCallback& operator=(CancellationCallback&&) = delete;

 private:
  friend class detail::CancellationState;

  void invokeCallback() noexcept;

  CancellationCallback* next_;

  // Pointer to the pointer that points to this node in the linked list.
  // This could be the 'next_' of a previous CancellationCallback or could
  // be the 'head_' pointer of the CancellationState.
  // If this node is inserted in the list then this will be non-null.
  CancellationCallback** prevNext_;

  detail::CancellationState* state_;
  VoidFunction callback_;

  // Pointer to a flag stored on the stack of the caller to invokeCallback()
  // that is used to indicate to the caller of invokeCallback() that the
  // destructor has run and it is no longer valid to access the callback
  // object.
  bool* destructorHasRunInsideCallback_;

  // Flag used to signal that the callback has completed executing on another
  // thread and it is now safe to exit the destructor.
  std::atomic<bool> callbackCompleted_;
};

} // namespace folly

#include <folly/CancellationToken-inl.h>
